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What
is the EUNIS application? |
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EUNIS
is the European Nature Information System,
developed and managed by the
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EUNIS
includes:
[last online access: 20.08.11]
- Data
on
- compiled
in the framework of NATURA2000
(EU Habitats and Birds Directives),
- Data collected
from frameworks, data sources or material published by the European
Topic Centre for Nature Protection and Biodiversity (ETC/NPB) (formerly
the ETC for Nature Conservation).
- Information
on Species, Habitats and Sites taken into account in relevant international
conventions or from International Red Lists.
- Specific data
collected in the framework of the EEA's
reporting activities, which also constitute a core set of
data to be updated periodically.
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What
are the purposes of EUNIS? |
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EUNIS data
are collected and maintained to be used as a reference tool or dataset:
- for assistance
to the NATURA2000
process (EU
Birds
Directive
and
Habitats
Directive)
and coordinated with the related
EMERALD
Network of the Bern Convention,
- cf. T-PVS
Emerald 11e.03 - Development
of the Emerald Network ,
Meeting in Dubrovnik (Croatia), on 14-15 October 2003, cf.
page 21: VII. Turkey, reg. the Twinning Covenant TR02-EN-01,
contribution of Mr. Mustafa Akincioğlu, MoEF, Turkey. (excerpt)
- for the development
of indicators (EEA Core Set, Bio-IMPS, IRENA)
- for environmental
reporting connected to EEA
reporting activities
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Information
on EUNIS data. |
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Species: |
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The
Species part of EUNIS contains information about more than 60.000
taxa with about 300.000 records in Europe of linked information (distribution,
conservation, vernacular names etc.). However, the amount of information
collected on each species varies in accordance with the potential use
of the data:
- Reference data
is available for almost all EUNIS species except for the habitat preference
parameter.
- Spatial-temporal
information (including species population size and trends) is available
for Birds. For other Vertebrates (except Fish) and for Invertebrates
and plants species of the EU Directives, only information
on the occurrence by country and biogeographic region is available.
- Data concerning
the conservation status has been collected from all national Red Books
made available to the ETC-NPB and from other relevant literature.
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Habitat
Types: |
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EUNIS
Habitat types classification is a comprehensive pan-European system
(using more than 30 classification-systems and more than 1.400 references)
to facilitate the harmonised description and collection of data across
Europe through the use of criteria for habitat identification; it covers
all types of habitats from natural to artificial, from terrestrial to
freshwater and marine - actually, more than 5.200 habitats over Europe.
It
is built to link to and correspond with other major habitat systems in
Europe:
- It cross-references
to all EU Habitat Directive types used for EU Member States and
can be used as a basis for EU Habitat Directive
extension for Accession Countries;
- It builds on
the CORINE and Palaearctic Habitat classifications. It will continue
to include the Palaearctic Habitat classification's most detailed units
as they are further developed over Europe for the Bern Convention EMERALD
network (Resolution No.4);
- It contains and
will continue to include relevant marine habitat types as they are developed
in collaboration with the OSPARCOM (Oslo and Paris Commission)
marine work;
- It cross-references
to the Corine Land Cover classification, to some regional and national
classifications, and to other systems such as the European Vegetation
Survey (cf.
SynBioSys Europe). [last
online access: 20.08.11]
Habitat type is
defined for the purposes of the EUNIS habitat type classification as follows:
- 'Plant and animal
communities as the characterising elements of the biotic environment,
together with abiotic factors operating together at a particular
scale.' All factors included in the definition are addressed in the
descriptive framework of the habitat classification.
- The scope of
the EUNIS classification is limited to its level 3 (level 4 for
Marine habitat types). At level 4 (5 for the Marine types) and below,
the component units are drawn from other classification systems and
combine these in the common framework.
A criteria-based
key has been developed for all units to level 3 and in addition for
salt marshes at level 4. The Key takes the form of a sequential series
of questions with additional detailed explanatory notes. Depending on
the answer chosen, the user is directed to the next question in the series
or to a habitat type identified by the parameters.
The user may follow
the key question by question, or view the criteria for each habitat
level in a series of static diagrams.
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The
EUNIS habitat types,
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developed as a hierarchical
- and more or less - simple (easy to use) classification system, by the
ETC/NPB for the EEA as a pan-European tool, has 10 major
habitat classes.
This
system is a successor to the CORINE habitat classification.
It uses a common language and links to to other classification systems.
The units can be cross-matched to CLC map and habitats in Annex I of the
European Habitats Directive, and consequentially to the NATURA 2000 habitat
types.
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A - Marine habitats
B - Coastal habitats
C - Inland surface water habitats
D - Mire, bog and fen habitats
E - Grassland and tall forb habitats
F - Heathland, scrub and tundra habitats
G - Woodland and forest habitats and other wooded land
H - Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats
I - Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and
domestic habitats
J - Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats
X - Habitat complexes
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The full
hierarchical structure of the classification system can be found within
the
Website of EUNIS.
and in the framework of this documentation - cf.
Further Information |
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EXAMPLE
for
EUNIS Habitat classification |
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Sites: |
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EUNIS Sites
is built around 7 data sets regarding sites. It contains more than 64.000
sites with related information. The Site module of the EUNIS application
uses data from the following databases:
A. Site networks
resulting from legal instruments:
- Designated Areas
(protected areas) at National level (common database on designated
areas - CDDA national)
[http://www.eea.europa.eu/]
- Designated Areas
(protected areas) at International level (common database on designated
areas - CDDA international)
[http://www.eea.europa.eu/]
- European Nature
Diploma Areas (Council of Europe)
- Biogenetic Reserves
(Council of Europe)
- Pan-European
Nature Conservation Policy and Legislation
[http://www.eeconet.org/eeconet/index.html]
B. Site networks
resulting from other initiatives and
programs:
C. Connection between the three modules (species / habitats / sites)
- Data regarding
species' preferred habitats have been collected through EU biogeographic
seminars and via a network of experts.
- Habitat types
'most typical species' information often comes from the definition and
description of the habitat type itself.
- Site datasets
contain information about species and habitat types present (Biogenetic
Reserves, Emerald, Natura 2000, Corine Biotopes)
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Habitat
lists ( - 2001): |
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All habitats included in the legislative lists can be located through
cross-references in the EUNIS classification. |
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Habitat
lists |
1987
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1989
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1991
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1993
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1996
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1997
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1999
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2000
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2001
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European
classifications |
COR
INE |
COR
INE |
COR
INE |
Palaearctic
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Palaearctic
==>
EUNIS |
Palaearctic
&
EUNIS |
Palaearctic
&
EUNIS v.1 |
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Palaearctic
&
EUNIS v.2 |
EU
Habitats Directive |
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==>
Annex I
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CoE
Bern Convention |
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==>
Resolution No. 4 list |
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OSPAR
Convention |
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==>
1st OSPAR/ ICES/EEA workshop on Habitat classification
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2nd
OSPAR/ ICES/EEA workshop on Habitat classification |
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International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) |
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Working
Group on Marine Habitat Mapping |
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Basic
precondition and information
on data collection, management and analysis: |
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The data collection of NFPs
and other national institutions (on biotic and abiotic
ecosystem elements) and the description of habitats is
strongly related to (traditional & modern) scientific methods.
- One
of the most important preconditions for a successful habitat
classification (description and evaluation) according to the
FFH directive is the knowledge of species
(flora & fauna), the basic application
of scientific methods for environmental
measurements (e.g. on soils, water, climate etc.), and
the evaluation of existing data,
i.e. (if
available)
- National
survey data
- National
forestry inventories
- National
soil maps
- National
species data
- National
vegetation classifications etc.
- Country
specific scientific ecological researches and investigations
- CLC
data
- Biotope
classification data
- Topographic
maps, digital terrain models (e.g. Research Project LöKAT)
etc.
- and
other - international - publications and sources, e.g.
-
Atlas
Florae Europaeae,
[URL: http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/english/botany/afe/index.htm
/ date of last access: 07.01.05]
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Atlas
of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe, Societas Europeae
Herpetologic,
[URL: http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/spn/cpn29.html / date
of last access: 07.01.05]
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Atlas of
European Breeding Birds, European Bird Census Council,
[URL: http://www.ebcc.info / date of last access: 07.01.05]
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European
Invertebrate Survey (EIS)
[URL:
http://www.eis-international.org/index.php?hfd=19&ssub=show
, / date of last access: 07.01.05]
-e.g. INTERNET:
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EURO-MED
Plant Database
[URL: http://www.euromed.org.uk / date of last access: 07.04.06]
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OPTIMA
[URL: http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/OPTIMA/
date of last access: 07.04.06]
etc
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>>> Some remarks on sampling methods of
plant communities (i.e. relevés) according to Braun-Blanquet,
the syntaxonomical evaluation of data sets, and Gradient
analysis and classification
(methods used in the research project - online - LöKAT).
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Regarding
the evaluation and description of ecosystems with a certain floristical
composition of vegetation, the phytosociological method should
be used, according to proven phytotaxonomical and syntaxonomical
criteria.
This is
neccessary because of the fact that the European Habitat types
are described and classified according to the above mentioned
taxonomical criteria.
Furthermore,
the harmonisation of ecosystem
(or elements) definitions and
ecosystem type identification is a precondition for
the "EUNIS habitat classification, which could be used by
NFPs (or NFCs) as a common framework for recording and classifying
European ecosystems." (Jane Hall, 2001, Harmonisation of
ecosystem definitions)
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Further
important information |
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On
EUNIS instruments and relationships |
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EUNIS
habitat classification (criteria & descriptions), Febr. 2002,
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CEH,
ProjectNo. C00398, 110 pp. |
0,64MB |
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Annex
I Habitats - Directive
92/43/EEC
(Natural habitat types of |
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community interest whose conservation requires the |
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designation
of special areas of conservation)
of the |
0,13MB |
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EU
Habitats Directive. |
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EUNIS
habitats (Excel-File) - full list of
habitats |
0,12MB |
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Eunis
habitat classification - full list of
habitats |
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(extended with linked classifications), Version 2.3 - 28/02/2002
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Information
about the EUNIS Habitat classification |
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(background,
objectives, applications, definitions, methodology etc.) |
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EUNIS
habitats - EMERALD habitats relation, 43 pp. |
0,12MB |
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EUNIS
- CORINE relation, 21pp. |
0,14MB |
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EUNIS
- FFH relation, 71 pp. |
0,21MB |
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EUNIS
- Palearctic relation, 64 pp. |
0,31MB |
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EUNIS
habitat classification, changes between 1999 - 2002 |
0,07MB |
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Method
of sampling 'plant communities' or vegetation units (Syllabus). |
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[Lessons
developed by the Alaska Geobotany Center, Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks; |
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URL:
http://www.geobotany.uaf.edu/teaching/biol475/; date of access: 06.04.06]
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The
Relevé Method of sampling plant communities (L2- 22 pp.) |
0,58MB |
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Cover,
frequency, density point sampling methods (L3 - 28 pp.) |
1,29MB |
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Example
1: Sampling sheet (LöKAT area - 4 pp.) |
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Example
2: Sampling sheet (LöKAT area - 2 pp.) |
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Biomass,
plot count & point-center-quarter methods (L4 - 30 pp.) |
1,99MB |
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Plot-count
and point-center-quarter methods (L5 - 27 pp.) |
1,00MB |
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Crash
course in "Soils" (L6 - 43 pp.) |
1,24MB |
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Indirect
ordination , Similarity indices, polar ordination (L7 - 30 pp.) |
1,61MB |
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Ordination:
Principal components analysis (L8 - 32 pp.) |
0,36MB |
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Correspondance
Analysis, DCA (L9 - 32 pp.) |
0,20MB |
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(Methods
used for the Amanos Mtn. vegetation analysis) |
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